[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":211},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content-query-7QiE0wk3RJ":3},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"title":8,"description":9,"supportkeys":10,"layout":19,"body":20,"_type":204,"_id":205,"_source":206,"_file":207,"_stem":208,"_extension":209,"sitemap":210},"\u002Ffaq\u002Fsmartpls4\u002Fmoderation","smartpls4",false,"","How to Add a Moderating Effect in SmartPLS 4","In SmartPLS 4 you draw a moderating effect directly in the model, from the moderator onto the path it moderates. Step by step, with a video.",[11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18],"moderation","moderator","moderating effect","interaction","interaction term","interaction effect","simple slope","context menu","default",{"type":21,"children":22,"toc":193},"root",[23,31,37,41,48,92,97,103,124,130,137,149,155,167,173],{"type":24,"tag":25,"props":26,"children":28},"element","h1",{"id":27},"how-to-add-a-moderating-effect-in-smartpls-4",[29],{"type":30,"value":8},"text",{"type":24,"tag":32,"props":33,"children":34},"p",{},[35],{"type":30,"value":36},"In SmartPLS 3 you created a moderating effect through the context menu. In SmartPLS 4 you draw it directly in the model: a connection from the moderator onto the path it moderates. SmartPLS then creates the interaction term for you.",{"type":24,"tag":38,"props":39,"children":40},"moderation-animation",{},[],{"type":24,"tag":42,"props":43,"children":45},"h2",{"id":44},"step-by-step",[46],{"type":30,"value":47},"Step by step",{"type":24,"tag":49,"props":50,"children":51},"ol",{},[52,58,82,87],{"type":24,"tag":53,"props":54,"children":55},"li",{},[56],{"type":30,"value":57},"Add the moderator to your model as a construct, with one or more indicators, like any other construct.",{"type":24,"tag":53,"props":59,"children":60},{},[61,63,71,73,80],{"type":30,"value":62},"Select the ",{"type":24,"tag":64,"props":65,"children":68},"span",{"className":66},[67],"action",[69],{"type":30,"value":70},"Connect",{"type":30,"value":72}," tool in the ",{"type":24,"tag":64,"props":74,"children":77},{"className":75},[76],"workspace-part",[78],{"type":30,"value":79},"Main toolbar",{"type":30,"value":81},".",{"type":24,"tag":53,"props":83,"children":84},{},[85],{"type":30,"value":86},"Click the moderator construct and keep the mouse button pressed.",{"type":24,"tag":53,"props":88,"children":89},{},[90],{"type":30,"value":91},"Move to the arrow (path) you want to moderate, for example from the independent to the dependent construct, and release the mouse button on that arrow.",{"type":24,"tag":32,"props":93,"children":94},{},[95],{"type":30,"value":96},"The model now shows the moderating effect as an arrow from the moderator to the moderated path. You do not need to draw the path from the moderator to the dependent construct: SmartPLS adds it automatically when it computes the results, because the moderation results are only correct with it.",{"type":24,"tag":42,"props":98,"children":100},{"id":99},"results",[101],{"type":30,"value":102},"Results",{"type":24,"tag":32,"props":104,"children":105},{},[106,108,114,116,123],{"type":30,"value":107},"Run the PLS-SEM algorithm. The results report shows the interaction term (for example ",{"type":24,"tag":109,"props":110,"children":111},"em",{},[112],{"type":30,"value":113},"Moderator × Independent → Dependent",{"type":30,"value":115},") with its path coefficient, and a simple slope plot for each moderating effect. To test whether the moderating effect is significant, run ",{"type":24,"tag":117,"props":118,"children":120},"a",{"href":119},"\u002Fdocumentation\u002Falgorithms-and-techniques\u002Fresampling-and-inference\u002Fbootstrapping",[121],{"type":30,"value":122},"bootstrapping",{"type":30,"value":81},{"type":24,"tag":42,"props":125,"children":127},{"id":126},"common-questions",[128],{"type":30,"value":129},"Common questions",{"type":24,"tag":131,"props":132,"children":134},"h3",{"id":133},"can-i-model-a-three-way-interaction",[135],{"type":30,"value":136},"Can I model a three-way interaction?",{"type":24,"tag":32,"props":138,"children":139},{},[140,142,148],{"type":30,"value":141},"Yes. Draw a connection from the second moderator onto the moderating effect that is already in the model. SmartPLS adds the further relationships it needs automatically. See ",{"type":24,"tag":117,"props":143,"children":145},{"href":144},"\u002Fdocumentation\u002Falgorithms-and-techniques\u002Fextended-relationships\u002Fmoderation#three-way-and-more-way-interaction",[146],{"type":30,"value":147},"three-way and more way interaction",{"type":30,"value":81},{"type":24,"tag":131,"props":150,"children":152},{"id":151},"can-i-use-a-binary-moderator-such-as-gender",[153],{"type":30,"value":154},"Can I use a binary moderator, such as gender?",{"type":24,"tag":32,"props":156,"children":157},{},[158,160,166],{"type":30,"value":159},"Yes. Code it as 0 and 1, not as 1 and 2, because the results are interpreted relative to zero. See the notes on ",{"type":24,"tag":117,"props":161,"children":163},{"href":162},"\u002Fdocumentation\u002Falgorithms-and-techniques\u002Fextended-relationships\u002Fmoderation#moderation-model-generation-two-way-interaction-and-results-computation",[164],{"type":30,"value":165},"binary moderators",{"type":30,"value":81},{"type":24,"tag":131,"props":168,"children":170},{"id":169},"how-does-smartpls-compute-the-interaction-term",[171],{"type":30,"value":172},"How does SmartPLS compute the interaction term?",{"type":24,"tag":32,"props":174,"children":175},{},[176,178,184,186,192],{"type":30,"value":177},"In PLS-SEM, SmartPLS uses the two-stage approach. For CB-SEM models you choose the approach by double-clicking the moderating effect. Details: ",{"type":24,"tag":117,"props":179,"children":181},{"href":180},"\u002Fdocumentation\u002Falgorithms-and-techniques\u002Fextended-relationships\u002Fmoderation",[182],{"type":30,"value":183},"moderation in PLS-SEM",{"type":30,"value":185}," and ",{"type":24,"tag":117,"props":187,"children":189},{"href":188},"\u002Fdocumentation\u002Falgorithms-and-techniques\u002Fcbsem-moderation",[190],{"type":30,"value":191},"moderation in CB-SEM",{"type":30,"value":81},{"title":7,"searchDepth":194,"depth":194,"links":195},2,[196,197,198],{"id":44,"depth":194,"text":47},{"id":99,"depth":194,"text":102},{"id":126,"depth":194,"text":129,"children":199},[200,202,203],{"id":133,"depth":201,"text":136},3,{"id":151,"depth":201,"text":154},{"id":169,"depth":201,"text":172},"markdown","content:faq:smartpls4:moderation:index.md","content","faq\u002Fsmartpls4\u002Fmoderation\u002Findex.md","faq\u002Fsmartpls4\u002Fmoderation\u002Findex","md",{"loc":4},1792599722325]