Covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM)

The project

This project contains covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) examples in SmartPLS. These are mostly examples from well-known textbooks on the CB-SEM method. In these textbooks, the models are calculated with different CB-SEM software applications like IBM SPSS Amos, LISREL, MPlus, EQS, but also R packages like lavaan. The CB-SEM examples use the textbook data that can be read into CB-SEM projects in SmartPLS as raw data, but also as covariance or correlation matrices. These examples demonstrate that the CB-SEM implementation in SmartPLS provides the same results as presented in these textbooks.

IBM SPSS Amos Example 6

Arbuckle, J. L. (2021). IBM® SPSS® Amos™ 28 user's guide. IBM SPSS.

Byrne's SEM textbook

Byrne's Amos Textbook Example using SmartPLS

Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (Multivariate Applications) (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Diamantopoulos & Siguaw's LISREL textbook

Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Introducing LISREL. Sage.

Diamantopoulos' Formative measure in CB-SEM

Diamantopoulos, A. (2011). Incorporating formative measures into covariance-based structural equation models. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 335–358.

Hair and co-author's multivariate data analysis textbook example for CB-SEM

Multivariate Data Analysis Textbook Example for CB-SEM using SmartPLS

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Data file: HBAT.xlsx

Kline's CB-SEM textbook example on job satisfaction

Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). Guilford Press.

lavaan example

Rosseel, Y., Jorgensen, T. D., & Rockwood, N. (2023). R package lavaan: Latent variable analysis (Version 0.6-15).

Mplus example

Mplus example: chapter 5, ex11.

Rigdon's CB-SEM handbook example on customer satisfaction and loyalty

Rigdon, E. E. (1998). Structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 251–294). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schumacker & Lomax's CB-SEM guide for beginners

A Beginner's Guide to SEM Example using SmartPLS

Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Download and import

Simply download the project and import it in SmartPLS 4.